Which of the following remedies is always available for breach of contract?

Damages are a fundamental remedy for breach of contract and are available in virtually all situations where a party has suffered a loss due to the non-performance or inadequate performance of the contract by another party. The primary purpose of damages is to compensate the injured party for their losses and to put them in a position as if the contract had been performed properly.

There are different types of damages, including general damages that flow naturally from the breach, and special damages that may arise from particular circumstances contingent to the contract's execution. This broad applicability makes damages the standard remedy for breach of contract, as they address straightforward financial compensation for losses incurred.

In contrast, repudiation (which involves rejecting the contract), specific performance (which is a court order requiring the contract to be performed as agreed), and rescission (which cancels the contract) are not universally applicable. Repudiation applies only when a party indicates an intention not to fulfill their contractual obligations. Specific performance is typically granted at the court's discretion, mainly in cases of unique goods or real estate, and rescission is available under specific legal grounds, such as mutual consent, fraud, or misrepresentation. Thus, damages stand out as the consistent and reliable remedy available for breach of contract in most scenarios.