Which scenario qualifies for claims of both civil and criminal actions?

Fraudulent trading qualifies for claims of both civil and criminal actions because it involves the dishonest conduct of a business that is intended to deceive creditors or other stakeholders for financial gain. In essence, when a company conducts business with the intent to defraud, it violates statutory provisions and common law principles, making it an offense that can lead to criminal prosecution.

Civilly, the affected parties, such as creditors, can sue for damages resulting from the fraudulent activities, seeking to recover losses incurred due to the deceit. This dual nature of fraudulent trading—where the act is reprehensible enough to attract both civil liability and criminal responsibility—distinguishes it from the other scenarios listed.

The other options generally lead to civil liability rather than criminal liability. For example, while misrepresentation can lead to civil claims for damages or rescission of contracts, it does not typically rise to the level of criminal conduct unless it constitutes fraud. Similarly, sleeping partnerships and non-disclosure of debts do not inherently involve deceitful intent on a scale that would warrant criminal action; they primarily concern civil matters regarding the rights and obligations between partners and creditors.